On the ventral side of the bee's body are wax glands, the ducts of which secrete wax, which hardens into wax plates weighing 0.18 - 0.25 mg. The wax is light yellow to yellow-brown in color, depending on the amount of coloring substances from the flower. It has a pleasant odor, reminiscent of honey. It is insoluble in water, part of its compounds dissolve in alcohol, and it dissolves well in organic solvents.
The composition of beeswax is not fully studied. So far, about 290 different components are known. It contains esters of saturated fatty acids, free fatty acids, aliphatic hydrocarbons, as much as 4000 IU of vitamin A per 100g and many other components. Beeswax has a high level of electrical resistance and insulating properties.
It plays an important role in cosmetics and pharmacy, as it is an integral part of many ointments, skin creams and lotions. Chewing wax with honey, for example honeycomb caps or honey in honeycomb, is also recommended as a means of clearing the throat, for inflammation of the frontal sinuses, for asthma and hay fever. In baking, it is used to grease baking sheets. It is indigestible for the human body and is completely excreted.
Wax is used to make decorations and wax candles, which have no equivalent substitute with their pleasant natural light, scent, and long burning time.
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